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Hard to tell what apparatus you are cooking on with this question. If its an actual stove that's fired with wood you can make anything - just keep a close eye on the temp.
Pot bellied wood stoves don't really get hot enough to cook efficiently on. You could easily reheat a dessert sauce. Wood fires are hard to cook on as well - I would stick to grilled fruit, toasted/heated pre made cake slices, and melted or heated sauces you can add on top.
I'm thinking pudding or custards are great desserts made on a stovetop. Lately, I've been hankering for a good tapioca pudding and Kheer (Indian rice pudding).
I was thinking "tapioca" as I was writing my answer below. I keep getting cravings for it, sometimes with some chocolate added to the pot.
The tools and equipment aren't really that limiting; the number of mouths combined with their ages are somewhat. I don't think I'd want to serve 21 from just that Dutch oven or I'd suggest cobbler or upside-down cake. How about pudding with fruit (fresh, canned or dried) or stuff-your own crêpes with any number of fillings?
Having cooked on a woodstove for the last 30 years, I'd concur with the suggestions for puddings, like a simple chocolate pudding that a child could stir. Woodstoves are a bit tricky to get used to, since the intensity of heat is so variable.