If making this with whole wheat pasta, would you need to change the amount of water?

Just keep an eye on the pot as it simmers, and, as Cav said, it's easy to add more water if the pot is starting to look a bit dry before the pasta is cooked. I wouldn't worry too much about the chickpeas overcooking, unless you're using particularly soft home-cooked beans—the canned ones can use the extra time to soak up the flavor.

Possibly.

I'd keep some boiling water to the side, ready to add in case the pasta does need more liquid. I'd also hold back on adding the chickpeas until the pasta is al dente. That way, if the pasta does need more water, the chickpeas won't overcook.