Egg

Your Egg Yolks Are Smaller Than They Used to Be

July  5, 2016

In baking, egg yolks make a significant contribution to structure, flavor, color, and moisture. Their most important contribution, however, is texture. The natural emulsifying agents contained in egg yolks help suspend ingredients evenly, resulting in a smoother mixture and finer texture.

Many years ago, I started to notice (just by looking) that egg yolks had become smaller in size. Because I weigh my ingredients, I also discovered that when my recipe called for 5 yolks, I now needed to add sometimes as many as 3 extra ones to achieve the correct weight and volume.

But it wasn’t until I taught a class at King Arthur Flour, and complained about the egg yolk situation, that I learned why egg yolks had become smaller for eggs graded the same size (that is, large). One of the students who raised hens said that when the hens are younger, the eggs they lay have a smaller proportion of yolk to white (and a chart in a 1997 research paper from the University of Iowa confirms that younger chickens lay eggs that have 10% less yolk to white). Another factor is that the total number of eggs in a crate is required to add up to 24 ounces/680 grams but each individual egg may vary in size and therefore quantity of yolk.

Photo by Julia Gartland

In recent years, when making génoise, I was disappointed that the texture had become coarser and less velvety than in years past. A génoise is made by beating whole eggs, so it took a while for it to dawn on me that a 4-egg génoise was getting the equivalent of only 3 yolks, which contributed to the textural problem. I now recommend adding an extra egg yolk to compensate for the smaller yolks without throwing off the general balance of the eggs. For a 4- or 5-egg génoise, you’ll likely need to add 1 extra yolk; for a 6- to 8-egg génoise, 2 yolks; and for a 12-egg génoise, you’ll want to add additional 4 yolks.

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(The alternative would be to separate the eggs, weigh or measure the yolks and whites, and then recombine them—a process I don’t dare suggest at the risk of being considered excessively over the top!)

In any recipe calling for all yolks or a large number of yolks, my recent books give a range for the number of egg yolks in addition to the weight and volume, based on the assumption that 1 yolk equals 18.6 grams/1 tablespoon plus 1/2 teaspoon/17.2 milliliters.

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Top Comment:
“hi mjh, on page 442 in the cake bible i have egg yolks listed as 18.6 going through the book i see i rounded off in most cases. in the upcoming revision for the 35th anniversary i have established the weight for 1 egg yolk as 20 grams and 1 egg white as 30 grams which =50 grams--the weight of one whole egg. it had never made sense to me that the weights in the text book didn't add up to 50 grams! the recipes using all yolks will work within the range of 18.7 and 20 per yolk not to worry. that said, we now do separate the eggs and then put them back together after weighing to ensure that there is enough egg yolk. we've encountered eggs that have yolks as light as 15 grams and for many recipe it will make a differnece to have so much less yolk. so we are on the same page as you!”
— Rose L.
Comment

The discrepancy will make the biggest difference in sponge-type cakes (most, unlike the génoise, call for separating the eggs, making it easy to weigh or measure and compensate for the smaller yolks). Because many sponge cakes depend on eggs alone for leavening (rather than more-controllable chemical leaveners), the exact amount of egg is very important. If one doesn’t weigh or at least measure and, instead, adds whole eggs willy-nilly, the cake will have a disproportionate amount of white, and the cake will balloon out of the pan. For more easy-going cakes, the exact amount of yolk and white is not as critical to the end result.

In my books, I don’t give a range if the recipe calls for only 1 or 2 yolks, but starting with 3 yolks, here is the range (the first number represents how many yolks you’d need with a standard-sized egg yolk; the second number is how many you may need to use to arrive at the correct volume and weight):

  • 3 to 4 yolks
  • 4 to 6 yolks
  • 5 to 8 yolks
  • 6 to 10 yolks
  • 7 to 11 yolks
  • 8 to 12 yolks

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    Rose Levy Beranbaum
I am the author of The Cake Bible, and 10 other cookbooks. My next book, Rose's Baking Basics, will be published in Fall of 2018. You can visit me on my blog www.realbakingwithrose.com which has created a baking community from all over the world.

15 Comments

mjh January 3, 2023
I'm curious, Rose, I would be one that would actually separate the eggs to make sure that I have the right amount of yolk. How much yolk (in grams) would have been in a large egg before they started using younger laying hens? I have your Cake Bible (the first printing, I believe in 1988). How many grams of yolk would have been in a large egg in your Cake Bible recipes?
 
Rose L. January 4, 2023
hi mjh,
on page 442 in the cake bible i have egg yolks listed as 18.6

going through the book i see i rounded off in most cases. in the upcoming revision for the 35th anniversary i have established the weight for 1 egg yolk as 20 grams and 1 egg white as 30 grams which =50 grams--the weight of one whole egg. it had never made sense to me that the weights in the text book didn't add up to 50 grams! the recipes using all yolks will work within the range of 18.7 and 20 per yolk not to worry. that said, we now do separate the eggs and then put them back together after weighing to ensure that there is enough egg yolk. we've encountered eggs that have yolks as light as 15 grams and for many recipe it will make a differnece to have so much less yolk. so we are on the same page as you!
 
Samcoffee1 August 24, 2020
I have noticed the shrinking of the yolks when making deviled eggs. There's almost no place to put the filling. No way to compensate as you are stuck with the hole left from removing the cooked yolk. It sucks.
 
Rose L. August 24, 2020
thanks Sam--i didn't even think of that aspect! best to use extra large eggs right?!
 
Vic May 1, 2020
We raise our own backyard chickens and sell the excess we don't use to 3 people that buy them every week. They rave about our eggs with large yolks and deep orange in color. As of late, after this molt, the egg yolks have become MUCH smaller??? We supplement their feed with black oil sunflower seed.
I know this is not a chicken 101 site but wondered if some of your subscribers could shed some light on this disturbing issue. TYVM
 
Russell November 11, 2018
I bought one dozen JUMBO brown organic eggs Quaker State Farms at Apple Farm store yesterday, and shocked to see tiny, pale yellow egg yolks (chickens with diets lower in xanthophylls, such as feeding regimens that consist of mostly wheat, white cornmeal or barley typically produce pale yellow yolks which are supposedly nutritionally as good as darker yolks). The eggs had a bland taste. Poaching the eggs did not cook the same as other organic brown eggs. I now understand that younger chickens must have been the source of the tiny yolks, and the pale, yellow yolks the result of their diet. I have had much better luck with other organic eggs from more recognizable producers. Big disappointment.
 
Rose L. July 16, 2016
for those of you who are wondering whether or not to remove the chalaza--the white stringy cords attached to the yolk. i once asked James Beard if it was necessary to remove it and he said not necessary but you may want to! when making a custard it gets strained out and when making cakes where the eggs aren't separated i leave it in, but i found that for chiffon cakes, for example, it's best to remove them as they are slower to set than the rest of the egg resulting in tiny pockets of uncooked batter in the baked cake. in scrambled eggs i also find the slightly undercooked chalaza unpleasant. i guess Beard was right--it's up to you!
 
John July 6, 2016
I raise chickens and our yolks are large. I wonder what's up with those eggs from the market ?
 
Eileen April 1, 2018
People who raise their own chickens & smaller farmers keep their birds longer so the eggs have a chance to get better proportions. Most of our local producers market eggs from younger birds separately, too.
 
702551 July 5, 2016
Funny, I have been adding an additional egg yolk (or two) to my pasta dough in recent years because it didn't feel/look right.

Now there's one explanation...
 
MarZig July 5, 2016
I am wondering if this is why Madeline cookies I made didn't turn out. But was is the definitive answer just that we are getting eggs laid by much younger chickens than in the past... And like already asked souls using extra large or jumbo solve the problem
 
Hans C. July 5, 2016
Hm. My wife and I use extra large eggs for just about everything instead of large eggs. I wonder if this has kind of offset the smaller yolks. Baking is chemistry, after all. I often think about whether or not I'm screwing up a recipe by using larger eggs.
 
Rose L. July 10, 2016
We were testing large cakes with whole eggs this weekend and decided to separate the eggs first and see how much yolk was missing. we got jumbo eggs and were deeply disappointed to discover that in order to get 7 yolks we needed to use 9!
 
beejay45 March 30, 2021
After one such experiment of my own, I swore off jumbo eggs forever. Out of a dozen, three had black yolks, four had double yolks (hormones?), and the rest were normal. I decided it was scarier than I wanted for the larger yolks. ;)
 
Marti K. July 5, 2016
I will have to check this out! I have been having trouble with cakes lately, that in the past have been dependable. Interesting.