I usually keep fresh garlic cloves in the fridge. I store unpeeled cloves of garlic it stores 2 – 3 weeks. If you choose a freezer it will keep garlic for up to 10 – 12 months. I got a great help from https://foodgear.org/how-long-does-garlic-last/, this site, to how to keep fresh garlic cloves. If you want you can check this link.
The thing about the green germ/sprout is that it's really bitter. You can buy peeled cloves in a jar for convenience but they go off fairly quickly, so unless you use garlic (and a lot of garlic----say, you have a vampire problem) every day it's not a good purchase.
They'll tell you when their days are numbered. As long as they are still plump and crisp w/no visible sprouting. Even if they've sprouted a little, just cut open and remove the germ (sprout).
It's so variable! The problem is not just drying out, but also mold or brown spots. You can trim them, but there's a limit. Shelf life can be days, or it can be months.
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What you do NOT want to do is pack them in oil. Garlic in oil stored, is a breeding ground for botulism.