One of the easiest substitutes would be soy sauce- although it's not perfect. Tamari is made from fermented soy beans only, where soy has wheat added. Tamari is also a bit less salty than soy sauce. If you could find a light soy, or one with reduced salt, that might work. Tastewise, it's hard to call because there are different umami flavors involved. You would also want to preferable use a Japanese soy sauce, rather than a Chinese version if possible. You can also look at the store for versions that call themselves gluten free soy sauce- which is basically tamari sauce, even if they don't use that term.
What are you cooking? Are you avoiding an ingredient due to allergy? or do you simply not have tamari in your pantry? Some options depending on your recipe: regular brewed soy sauce miso fish sauce
For adding umami (Non-Asian flavors): nutritional yeast mushrooms, sautéed; or brushed with oil, and roasted; or dried and reconstituted tomato paste minced anchovies Parmesan cheese, grated
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Some options depending on your recipe:
regular brewed soy sauce
miso
fish sauce
For adding umami (Non-Asian flavors):
nutritional yeast
mushrooms, sautéed; or brushed with oil, and roasted; or dried and reconstituted
tomato paste
minced anchovies
Parmesan cheese, grated