Using puff pastry for the first time

Why not bake first (here's some guidance on how to handle it from the kitchn: http://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-bake-store-bought-frozen-puff-pastry-101067
Then fill it with fresh fruit (berries, sliced peaches or nectarines, sweetened to taste) and whipped cream.

You might look at recipes for rugelach, which are (is?) made with a somewhat similar dough. There was also a recipe on this site for Polish Christmas
cookies (I think that was all the bane they were given) which are very similar and had a particularly nice lekhvar (a jam made of dried fruit, though don't use that definition if you're writing a dictionary) filling. Unless you mean something out of the obvious with the cream (some kind of pastry cream, maybe), or even if you do, can't really see that working. you could do a fruit filling and top with whipped cream, but watch your arteries.

I use the frozen puffed pastry dough making pastries using the dough as the base. If you add cream to this dough, it will become a sticky mess IMO. Place a spoonful of fruit filling onto a cutout square of dough and fold over the sides and seal with egg wash. The dough puffs up and croissant-like.